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Hieronymus Bosch
Hieronymus Bosch (c. 1450 - August, 1516) was a prolific
Dutch oil painting artist of the 15th and 16th centuries. Many of
his oil painting works depict sin and human moral failings. Bosch
used images of demons, half-human animals and machines to evoke
fear and confusion to portray the evil of man. The oil paintings
contain complex, highly original, imaginative, and dense use of
symbolic figures and iconography, some of which was obscure even in
his own time. He is said to have been an inspiration to the
surrealism movement in the 20th century.
His true name was Jheronimus (or Jeroen) van Aken (meaning "from
Aachen"). He signed some of his oil paintings with Bosch
(pronounced as Boss in Dutch), derived from his birthplace
's-Hertogenbosch. In Spanish he is often called El Bosco.
Born to a family of Dutch and German oil painting artists, he spent
most of his life in 's-Hertogenbosch, a flourishing city in
fifteenth century Brabant, in the south of the present-day
Netherlands. In 1463, some 4000 houses in the town were destroyed
by a catastrophic fire, which the then (approximately) 13-year-old
Bosch may have witnessed. This might have been a contributing
factor to his obsession with Hell. He became a popular oil painting
artist and even received commissions from abroad. In 1488 he joined
the Brotherhood of Our Lady, an arch conservative religious group
of some 40 influential citizens of 's-Hertogenbosch and some 7000
'outer-members' from all over Europe.
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